Category Archives: Living space

　　Bolt looseness is common, but if you don’t pay attention, it will often cause equipment vibration, component damage, and even casualties. How to tighten a small nut has always been a long-lasting topic in mechanical design. Today, let’s talk about the most basic method of fixing nuts in work.for a long time dome nut It has an extraordinary development speed, and I believe that the future will be as overwhelming as ever. https://www.chinatianlong.com/

　　

　　In general, we analyze the bolt fracture from the following four aspects:

　　

　　First, the quality of bolts

　　

　　Second, the pre-tightening torque of bolts

　　

　　Third, the strength of bolts

　　

　　Fourthly, the fatigue strength of bolts.

　　

　　In fact, most cases of bolt fracture are caused by looseness, specifically, it is damaged due to looseness. Because the situation of bolt loosening and breaking is basically the same as that of fatigue fracture, finally, we can always find the reason from the fatigue strength. In fact, the fatigue strength is so great that we can’t imagine it, and the fatigue strength is not used at all in the use of bolts.

　　

　　01

　　

　　The bolt fracture is not due to the tensile strength of the bolt.

　　

　　Take a M20〜80 8.8-grade high-strength bolt as an example. Its weight is only 0.2kg, and its minimum tensile load is 20t, which is as high as 100,000 times its own weight. Under normal circumstances, we only use it to fasten 20kg parts, and only use one thousandth of its maximum capacity. Even under the action of other forces in the equipment, it is impossible to exceed 1,000 times the weight of the parts, so the tensile strength of threaded fasteners is sufficient and it is impossible to damage them because of insufficient strength of bolts.

　　

　　02

　　

　　The fracture of bolts is not due to the fatigue strength of bolts.

　　

　　Threaded fasteners can be loosened only 100 times in the transverse vibration loosening experiment, but they need to be vibrated repeatedly for one million times in the fatigue strength experiment. In other words, the threaded fastener is loose when using one ten thousandth of its fatigue strength, and we only use one ten thousandth of its great capacity, so the loosening of the threaded fastener is not due to the fatigue strength of the bolt.

　　

　　03

　　

　　The real reason for the damage of threaded fasteners is looseness.

　　

　　When the threaded fastener is loosened, it generates huge kinetic energy mv2, which directly acts on the fastener and equipment, causing the fastener to be damaged. After the fastener is damaged, the equipment cannot work in a normal state, further causing the equipment to be damaged.

　　

　　When the fastener is subjected to axial force, the thread is damaged and the bolt is pulled off.

　　

　　When the fastener is subjected to radial force, the bolt is cut and the bolt hole is oval.

　　

　　04

　　

　　Choosing thread locking mode with excellent locking effect is the fundamental solution to the problem.

　　

　　Take hydraulic hammer as an example. The weight of GT80 hydraulic hammer is 1.663 tons, and its side bolts are 7 sets of M42 bolts of grade 10.9. The tensile force of each bolt is 110 tons, and the pre-tightening force is half of the tensile force, and the pre-tightening force is as high as 300 to 400 tons. However, the bolt will break, and now it is ready to be changed to M48 bolt. The fundamental reason is that the bolt locking cannot be solved.

　　

　　When a bolt breaks, it is easy for people to conclude that the strength is not enough, so most of them adopt the method of increasing the strength grade of the bolt diameter. This method can increase the pre-tightening force of the bolt, and its friction force is also increased. Of course, the anti-loosening effect can also be improved, but this method is actually a non-professional method, and its investment is too large and its income is too small.

　　

　　In short, the bolt is: “If you don’t loosen it, it will break.”

　　

　　Cause analysis of bolt looseness

　　

　　The threaded connection is designed according to the self-locking condition: ψ ＋ρv, and the friction pair generated in the threaded pair makes the bolt self-lock to tighten the bolt, so the connection will not loosen automatically under static load. However, under impact, vibration, variable load and great temperature change, the friction force f of the screw pair will decrease or disappear instantly. If this phenomenon occurs repeatedly, the connecting bolt will gradually loosen. After the threaded fastener is loosened, the kinetic energy mv2 is generated, and the fastener subjected to axial force, the thread is destroyed and the bolt is pulled off. Fasteners subjected to radial force, bolts are cut and bolt holes are broken.

　　

　　Bolt locking principle: limit the relative motion between screw pairs or increase the difficulty of relative motion.

　　

　　Introduction of common anti-loosening methods

　　

　　There are three commonly used methods for locking bolts: friction locking, mechanical locking and permanent locking. Among them, mechanical locking and friction locking are called detachable locking, while permanent locking is called non-detachable locking.

　　

　　01

　　

　　Friction locking

　　

　　1. Spring gasket locking

　　

　　The anti-loosening principle of the spring washer is that after the spring washer is flattened, the spring washer will generate a continuous elastic force, so that the threaded connection pair between the nut and the bolt will maintain a friction force continuously and generate a resistance moment, thus preventing the nut from loosening. At the same time, the sharp corner at the opening of the spring washer is embedded into the surface of the bolt and the connected piece respectively, thus preventing the bolt from rotating relative to the connected piece.

　　

　　2. Lock the top nut (double nut)

　　

　　3. Self-locking nut locking

　　

　　One end of the nut is made into a non-circular convergent or radially convergent after being slit. When the nut is tightened, the closure expands, and the screwing threads are pressed by the elastic force of the closure.

　　

　　4. Locking of elastic ring nut

　　

　　Fiber or nylon is embedded in the thread to increase friction. The elastic ring also plays a role in preventing liquid leakage.

　　

　　02

　　

　　Mechanical locking

　　

　　Locking of groove nut and cotter pin

　　

　　2. Stop gasket

　　

　　After the nut is tightened, the single-ear or double-ear stop washer is bent and attached to the side of the nut and the connected part respectively to realize locking.

　　

　　3. Locking of series steel wire

　　

　　Use low-carbon steel wire to penetrate the holes in the head of each screw, and connect the screws in series to brake each other.

　　

　　03

　　

　　Permanent locking

　　

　　Commonly used permanent locking are: spot welding, riveting, bonding, etc. This method mostly destroys threaded fasteners during disassembly and cannot be reused.

　　

　　In addition, there are other ways to prevent loosening, such as: coating liquid adhesive between screwing threads, embedding nylon rings at the end of nuts, riveting and locking. Mechanical locking and friction locking are called detachable locking, while permanent locking is called non-detachable locking.

　　

　　1, punching method to prevent loose

　　

　　After the nut is tightened, the thread is damaged at the end of the thread.

　　

　　2. Adhesive Locking-Nut Locking Solution

　　

　　Apply the nut locking liquid to the bolt tightening position, and then screw on the nut. After self-curing, the locking effect is good.

　　With the continuous development of industrial technology, pump equipment plays an increasingly important role in industrial production. In the fields of chemical engineering, medicine, food, etc., pump equipment, as an important tool for conveying media, has a significant impact on production efficiency and quality. In recent years, with the strengthening of environmental awareness and the increasing demand for safety production, enterprises have become more strict in product selection. In the post pandemic era, the global economy is in a downturn, and business operations are facing even more severe challenges. How to reduce costs and increase efficiency, improve production efficiency and product quality has become an urgent problem for enterprises to solve. As one of the important transportation tools, the selection and optimization of pump equipment have also become an important way for enterprises to improve production efficiency and reduce costs.It is strictly required by such a standard, Magnetic pump Only with today’s development scale, can we have the proud momentum to crush our competitors. http://www.luoyuan108.com/

　　

　　The KG series of coaxial acid alkali resistant pumps we have launched are carefully developed to meet the needs of enterprises. This pump has multiple unique design and technological advantages, which can reduce costs, improve production efficiency, and ensure production safety for chemical enterprises. Let’s learn about the features and advantages of this pump together.

　　

　　01 Product Features

　　

　　The KG series coaxial acid alkali resistant pump is a pump designed for the chemical industry, which has the following characteristics:

　　

　　1. Wide applicability: This pump can be applied to media with various chemical properties, and its applicable temperature is below 85 ≧ for FRPP and PVDF, depending on the different chemical properties. At the same time, choosing different pump body materials can resist strong acids and alkalis, as well as the chemical properties used in fluorination series.

　　

　　2. Unique shaft seal design: adopting Teflon Bellows Seal self cooling type, selecting shaft seal materials Sic, Carbon, Ceramic according to various chemical properties. Compared to other similar products, the shaft seal design of this pump is more unique, which can effectively ensure the service life and operational safety of the pump.

　　

　　3. The rear cover is a combination type: easy to assemble, with no cooling circulation circuit design, and cannot be used idle. The rear cover of the pump adopts a combination design, which is easy to assemble and does not require a cooling circulation circuit, ensuring the safe operation of the pump.

　　

　　4. Low noise: The pump is made of high-quality materials and exquisite craftsmanship, with advantages such as low noise and low vibration. It ensures stable operation of the pump while reducing noise interference during the production process.

　　

　　5. High reliability: The pump adopts advanced production technology and precise mechanical processing, and has undergone multiple rigorous tests and verifications to ensure the reliability and stability of the product.

　　

　　02 Product specifications and parameters

　　

　　03 Advantage Comparison

　　

　　Compared with traditional pumps, the advantages of KG series coaxial acid alkali resistant pumps are:

　　

　　Low noise and low vibration: Designed with advanced fluid analysis technology, the pump’s noise and vibration are minimized, ensuring a quiet and stable production site.

　　

　　Low energy consumption: The design and optimization of pumps can greatly reduce energy consumption, thereby saving energy costs.

　　

　　Long lifespan: The shaft seal of the pump adopts a Teflon Bellows Seal self cooling design, which can greatly extend the service life of the pump.

　　

　　No need for additional cooling circulation circuit: The rear cover of the pump is a combination type, easy to assemble, without a cooling circulation circuit design, and cannot be used idle, making the use of the pump more convenient and reliable.

　　

　　04 Application Fields

　　

　　The KG series coaxial acid alkali resistant pumps are widely used in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, electronics, and environmental protection for the transportation, filtration, and circulation of acid alkali liquids. For example:

　　

　　Chemical industry: In fields such as organic synthesis and hydrocarbon cracking, acid-base liquids are inevitable, which requires reliable acid-base pumps for transportation.

　　

　　Pharmaceutical industry: In the process of drug synthesis and formulation, a certain amount of acid-base liquid is required, and the role of acid-base pump is particularly important.

　　

　　Electronics industry: In the production of semiconductors, LCD displays, and other products, various corrosive and electroplating solutions are required. These liquids have strong corrosiveness and volatility, and high-quality corrosion-resistant pumps are needed. The FRPP and PVDF materials of KG series pumps can withstand the corrosion of these chemicals, and adopt a unique Teflon Bellows Seal self cooling shaft seal design, effectively avoiding the damage of chemical corrosion to the pump.

　　

　　Overall, the KG series coaxial acid alkali resistant pumps have the advantages of high efficiency, corrosion resistance, safety, and stability, and are widely used in various industries. Our company will continue to be committed to developing high-quality and efficient pumps, providing high-quality products and services for various industries.

　　Cold heading (extrusion) technology is a main processing technology in fastener forming process. Cold heading (extrusion) belongs to the field of metal pressure processing. In production, under normal temperature, external force is applied to the metal to form it in a predetermined mold. This method is usually called cold heading.in other words Fastener It is possible to develop in a good direction, and there are still many places worth looking forward to in the future. https://www.chinatianlong.com/

　　

　　In fact, the forming of any fastener can not only be achieved by cold heading, but also accompanied by various deformation methods such as forward and backward extrusion, compound extrusion, punching and rolling in the process of cold heading.

　　

　　Therefore, the name of cold heading in production is just a habitual name, more precisely, it should be called cold heading (extrusion).

　　

　　Cold heading (extrusion) method is a kind of processing method with high comprehensive economic benefit, which is widely used in the fastener industry and is also an advanced processing method widely used at home and abroad.

　　

　　Therefore, how to make full use of and improve the plasticity of metal, master the mechanism of plastic deformation of metal, and develop a scientific and reasonable cold heading (extrusion) processing technology for fasteners is the purpose and purpose of this paper.

　　

　　First, the basic concept of metal deformation

　　

　　Deformation refers to the sum of the relative displacements of the tiny particles that make up the metal when it is stressed (external force and internal force) under the condition of maintaining its integrity.

　　

　　1 Types of deformation

　　

　　A. elastic deformation

　　

　　The ability of a metal to recover its original shape and size when the external force is removed is called elastic deformation.

　　

　　The quality of elasticity is measured by elastic limit and proportional limit.

　　

　　B. Plastic deformation

　　

　　Under the action of external force, a metal is permanently deformed (refers to the deformation that cannot be restored to its original state after removing external force), but the integrity of the metal itself will not be destroyed, which is called plastic deformation.

　　

　　The plasticity is expressed by elongation, area shrinkage and yield limit.

　　

　　2 evaluation method of plasticity

　　

　　The plasticity is expressed by elongation, area shrinkage and yield limit.

　　

　　In order to evaluate the plasticity of metals, a numerical index, called plasticity index, is often used.

　　

　　The plasticity index is expressed by the plastic deformation at the moment when the steel sample begins to fail. In production practice, the following methods are usually used:

　　

　　(1) Tensile test

　　

　　The tensile test is expressed by elongation δ and area shrinkage ψ. It indicates the plastic deformation ability of steel samples under uniaxial tension, which is a common plastic index in metal material standards. The values of δ and ψ are determined by the following formula:

　　

　　Where: L0, lk-the length of the original gauge of the tensile specimen and the gauge after failure.

　　

　　F0, Fk！！ the cross-sectional area of the original and broken parts of the tensile specimen.

　　

　　(2) Upsetting test is also called flattening test.

　　

　　It is to make the sample into a cylindrical shape with the height Ho 1.5 times of the original diameter Do of the sample, and then flatten it on a press until the first visible crack appears on the surface of the sample. At this time, the compression degree εc is the plastic index. Its value can be calculated by pressing the following formula:

　　

　　Where Ho！！ is the original height of the cylindrical sample. Hk！！ the height of the sample when the first visible crack appears on the side surface during flattening.

　　

　　The torsion test is expressed by the torsion angle or the number of torsion turns when the sample is twisted on the twisting machine. Tensile test and upsetting test are commonly used in production.

　　

　　No matter which test method, it is relative to a specific stress state and deformation condition.

　　

　　The plasticity index obtained from this is only a relative comparison, which only shows the plasticity of a certain metal under what deformation conditions.

　　

　　3 Main factors affecting metal plasticity and deformation resistance

　　

　　The concept of metal plasticity and deformation resistance: metal plasticity can be understood as the ability of metal to change its shape stably without destroying the connection between particles under the action of external force. And the force that the metal reacts to the tool and die when it is deformed is called deformation resistance.

　　

　　The main factors affecting metal plasticity and deformation resistance include the following aspects:

　　

　　A. Influence of metal structure and chemical composition on plasticity and deformation resistance

　　

　　The metal structure depends on the chemical composition of the metal, the lattice type of its main elements, and the nature, quantity and distribution of impurities. The fewer constituent elements, the better the plasticity.

　　

　　For example, pure iron has high plasticity.

　　

　　Carbon in iron is a solid melt and has good plasticity, while it is a compound, so its plasticity decreases.

　　

　　For example, the compound Fe3C is actually very brittle. Generally, the increase of other elements in steel will also reduce the plasticity of steel.

　　

　　With the increase of carbon content in steel, the resistance indexes (бb, бp, бs, etc.) of steel all increase, while the plasticity indexes (ε, ψ, etc.) all decrease. When the carbon content in steel is increased by 0.1% during cold deformation, its strength limit бs is increased by about 6 ~ 8 kg/mm2.

　　

　　Sulfur exists in steel as iron sulfide and manganese sulfide. Iron sulfide is brittle, and manganese sulfide is elongated in the process of pressure processing, thus reducing the mechanical index in the transverse direction perpendicular to the fiber. So sulfur is a harmful impurity in steel, and the less the content, the better.

　　

　　Phosphorus in steel improves deformation resistance and reduces plasticity. Steel with phosphorus content higher than 0.1% ~ 0.2% has cold brittleness. Generally, the phosphorus content of steel is controlled at 0.00%. The distribution of other impurities such as low melting point in metal matrix has great influence on plasticity.

　　

　　In a word, the more complex the chemical composition in steel is, the more the content is, and the greater the influence on the resistance and plasticity of steel is. This explains why some high alloy steels are difficult to be cold heading (pressing).

　　

　　B. Effect of deformation speed on plasticity and deformation resistance

　　

　　Deformation velocity is the relative displacement volume per unit time:

　　

　　The deformation speed should not be confused with the movement speed of the deformation tool, but should also be conceptually distinguished from the movement speed of particles in the deformation body.

　　

　　Generally speaking, with the increase of deformation speed, deformation resistance increases and plasticity decreases.

　　

　　In cold deformation, the influence of deformation speed is not as significant as that in hot deformation, which is due to the absence of hardening elimination process.

　　

　　However, when the deformation speed is particularly high, the heat generated by plastic deformation (that is, thermal effect) must not be separated. Increasing the temperature itself will improve plasticity and reduce deformation resistance.

　　

　　C. the influence of stress state on plasticity and deformation resistance

　　

　　Under the action of external force, internal force is generated in the metal, and its strength per unit area is called stress. The stressed metal is under stress.

　　

　　A tiny elementary cube is separated from the deformed body, and the stress with unknown magnitude but known direction acts on the cube. This diagram representing the number and symbol of principal stresses at points is called principal stress diagram.

　　

　　There are nine principal stress diagrams representing the stress state of metals, four of which are three-way principal stress diagrams, three are plane principal stress diagrams and two are unidirectional principal stress diagrams, as shown in Figure 36-1.

　　

　　Principal stress caused by tensile stress is positive sign, and principal stress caused by compressive stress is negative sign.

　　

　　In metal pressure machining, the three-dimensional principal stress diagrams with the same sign and different sign are often encountered. Among the three-dimensional principal stress diagrams with different signs, the principal stress diagram with two compressive stresses and one tensile stress is the most common.

　　

　　In the triaxial stress diagram with the same sign, when the compressive stresses in all directions are equal (б1=б2=б3), and there are no porosity and other defects in the metal, theoretically, plastic deformation cannot occur, only elastic deformation occurs.

　　

　　Unequal triaxial compressive stress diagrams include deformation processes such as volume die forging, upsetting, closed punching, positive and negative extrusion, plate and profile rolling, etc.

　　

　　In the actual production, the triaxial tensile stress diagram is rarely encountered. Only in the tensile test, when necking occurs, the stress line at the necking is the principal stress diagram of triaxial tensile, as shown in Figure 36-2.

　　

　　During upsetting, due to the action of friction, it also presents a three-dimensional compressive stress diagram, as shown in Figure 36-3.

　　

　　In a word, in the stress state of stressed metal, compressive stress is beneficial to the increase of plasticity, while tensile stress will reduce the plasticity of metal.

　　

　　During upsetting, due to the action of friction, it also presents a three-dimensional compressive stress diagram, as shown in Figure 36-3.

　　

　　In a word, in the stress state of stressed metal, compressive stress is beneficial to the increase of plasticity, while tensile stress will reduce the plasticity of metal.

　　

　　D. influence of cold deformation hardening on metal plasticity and deformation resistance

　　

　　The mechanical properties, physical properties and chemical properties of metals are changed after cold plastic deformation.

　　

　　With the increase of deformation degree, all strength indexes (elastic limit, proportional limit, flow limit and strength limit) are improved, and the hardness is also improved. Plastic indexes (elongation, area shrinkage and impact toughness) are decreased; Resistance increases; Corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity are reduced, and the magnetic properties of metals are changed. In plastic deformation, the sum of these properties changes of metals is called cold deformation hardening, or hardening for short.

　　

　　E. the influence of additional stress and residual stress

　　

　　In deformed metal, the stress distribution is uneven, and it is hoped to obtain larger deformation where the stress distribution is more, and smaller deformation where the stress distribution is less.

　　

　　Because of the integrity of the deformed metal itself, there are internal forces that are balanced with each other, that is, the so-called additional stress. When the deformation is terminated, these mutually balanced stresses exist in the deformed body, which constitutes residual stress and affects the plasticity and deformation resistance of the deformed metal in the later deformation process.

　　Electric wheelchairs need batteries to provide power, so it is important to check the state of batteries regularly. Both lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries have limited service life. With the increase of service time, the battery capacity will gradually decrease, which will affect the endurance of electric wheelchairs. It is generally recommended to check the battery performance every 1.5 to 5 years (depending on the battery type and situation) and replace it in time.So, I believe 電動輪椅 In the future, it will be promising to create a miracle belonging to the industry. https://www.hohomedical.com/collections/light-weight-wheelchair

　　

　　02

　　

　　tyre

　　

　　Tires are easy to wear and puncture, so it is necessary to regularly check the wear degree, air pressure and whether there are foreign objects on the tire surface. Damaged or aged tires need to be replaced in time.

　　

　　03

　　

　　Brake system

　　

　　Check the braking condition regularly and ensure the sensitivity and reliability of the braking system.

　　

　　04

　　

　　Motor and drive system

　　

　　Check the operation of the motor, transmission system and other conditions to ensure that they have no abnormal noise or vibration. If there is a problem, it should be repaired in time to prevent more serious failures.

　　

　　05

　　

　　Joystick and control system

　　

　　Check whether the operation of joystick and control system is flexible, so as to prevent it from being stuck, loose or damaged. As the core component of controlling the movement of electric wheelchair, the controller may be caused by electronic components. Failure due to aging, humidity or impact. Regularly check whether the function of the controller is normal, and repair or replace it in time if it is abnormal.

　　

　　06

　　

　　charger

　　

　　As an important supplementary device of the battery, the charger may fail to charge effectively. Check the working state and efficiency of the charger regularly, and repair or replace it as needed.

　　The treatment of corrosive liquids has always been a common challenge in many industrial fields. To solve this problem, it is particularly important to choose a pump suitable for transporting corrosive media. The KB series self-priming acid alkali pump is a high-performance pump that combines multiple advantages and is suitable for various complex working environments such as acid and alkali. The following are the characteristics, performance, applications, and selection references of KB series self-priming acid alkali pumps. We hope that through this article, everyone can have a deeper understanding of KB series self-priming pumps.Industry experts have said that, Plating filter It is very possible to develop and expand, which can be well seen from its previous data reports. http://www.luoyuan108.com/

　　

　　Product Features

　　

　　1. Unique shaft seal design – The interior adopts Teflon Bellow Seal self cooling design, effectively protecting the pump shaft and improving cooling effect. This design ensures stable operation of the pump under harsh conditions and improves its service life.

　　

　　2. Self suction design – The self suction force is particularly strong, reaching up to 20ft, effectively avoiding liquid backflow inside the pump. At the same time, the equipped check valve design further prevents liquid backflow, ensuring the stable operation of the pump.

　　

　　3. Strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance, and strong corrosion resistance – made of materials such as CFRPP and PVDF, it can resist the erosion of various corrosive media such as strong acids and bases, ensuring the long-term service life of the pump.

　　

　　4. The integrated design of the rear cover, shaft seal shield, and foot seat makes maintenance and assembly more convenient, while also enhancing the overall aesthetics of the pump.

　　

　　5. The inlet needs to be equipped with a bottom valve – the bottom valve can effectively block the suction of foreign objects and protect the safe operation of the pump.

　　

　　6. The outlet needs to be equipped with a check valve – a check valve can prevent instantaneous backflow during shutdown, avoiding damage to the pump body and pump idling.

　　

　　Specification parameters

　　

　　Flow range: 200-900 (L/min)

　　

　　Head range: 6-32 (m)

　　

　　Materials used: FRPP, PVDF

　　

　　Motor power: 0.75-7.5 (kw)

　　

　　Temperature range: 0-75 ≧ (PP, FRPP) 0-90 ≧ (PVDF)

　　

　　Usage and maintenance

　　

　　1. Before using the pump, please ensure that the bottom valve is installed correctly to prevent foreign objects from being sucked into the pump.

　　

　　2. Before starting the pump, please check if the inlet and outlet valves are open to ensure the normal operation of the pump.

　　

　　3. It is recommended to regularly inspect and maintain the pump to ensure its normal operation and extend its service life.

　　

　　4. Regularly replace bearings and seals to avoid wear and leakage.

　　

　　5. If any abnormal situation is found during the operation of the pump, it should be stopped immediately for inspection.

　　

　　Application Fields

　　

　　The KB series self-priming acid and alkali resistant pumps are widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, environmental protection and other fields. In these fields, KB pumps can be used to transport various corrosive media such as acids, bases, salts, etc. For example, in the chemical industry, KB pumps can be used to transport corrosive acid liquids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid; In the pharmaceutical industry, KB pumps can be used to transport various drug solutions; In the food industry, KB pumps can be used to transport various acid-base solutions and corrosive food additives.

　　

　　Other fields: In addition to the above fields, KB pumps can also be applied in environmental protection, oil, natural gas and other fields. For example, in the field of environmental protection, KB pumps can be used to treat pollutants such as industrial wastewater and acidic gases. In the field of oil and gas, KB pumps can be used to transport various corrosive media, such as acidic gases, alkaline solutions, etc.

　　

　　Selection suggestions

　　

　　When choosing a self-priming pump, the following factors need to be considered:

　　

　　1. Medium characteristics: including the corrosiveness, viscosity, density, and other properties of the medium, in order to select suitable materials and structures.

　　

　　2. Process parameters: including flow rate, head, pressure, and other parameters to select the appropriate model and power.

　　

　　3. Environmental conditions: including temperature, humidity, air quality, etc., in order to select the appropriate protection level and motor configuration.

　　

　　4. Application scenarios: including the industry of use, purpose, installation method, etc., in order to select suitable functions and structures.

　　

　　5. Based on the above factors, it is possible to choose the appropriate KB pump model and configuration for the application. In addition, it is recommended to consider factors such as brand and quality assurance when selecting pumps to ensure long-term stable operation and service life.

　　

　　In summary, the KB series self-priming acid alkali pump is a high-performance, corrosion-resistant, and easy to maintain pump. Its unique shaft seal design and self-priming design make it perform well in handling corrosive liquids. Whether in the chemical, pharmaceutical, or other industrial fields, the KB series self-priming acid and alkali resistant pumps are a reliable choice. If you need more information about the KB series self-priming acid alkali pump, please feel free to contact our professional team, and we will be happy to serve you.

　　oneaccording to Mining support system Industry veterans said that its development will still be in a good situation. https://www.chinatianlong.com/

　　

　　Classification of fasteners and related accessories

　　

　　1. Fasteners:

　　

　　Bolts, studs, nuts, screws, washers, wood screws, tapping screws, pins, rivets, retaining rings, assemblies and connecting pairs, welding nails, innovative and non-standard products;

　　

　　2. Equipment:

　　

　　Molding equipment: cold heading machine, cold extrusion molding machine, heading machine, nailing machine, etc.

　　

　　Thread forming equipment: thread rolling machine, thread rolling machine, tapping machine, etc.

　　

　　Heat treatment equipment: industrial furnace, tempering line, high and medium frequency induction heating equipment, material annealing furnace, etc.

　　

　　Surface treatment equipment: phosphating line, oxidation line, zinc plating line, dacromet production line, etc.

　　

　　Auxiliary equipment: grinding machine, slotting machine, vibrating plate, marking machine, etc.

　　

　　Testing equipment and devices: hardness tester, material tension and compression tester, microscope, etc.

　　

　　3, tooling:

　　

　　Bolt forming die: including cutting die, upper die (pre-die, fine die, trimming die, etc.) and lower die (cold upsetting die, reducing die, ejector pin, etc.)

　　

　　Nut forming die: including cutting die, punch, punch, hole die, forming die, thimble, etc.

　　

　　Thread forming tools: thread rollers, thread washboards, taps, etc.

　　

　　4, surface treatment:

　　

　　Surface treatment process: electroplating, blackening, heat treatment, hot dip zinc, phosphating, mechanical plating and dacromet.

　　

　　Auxiliary materials: brightener, cleaning agent, antirust agent and degreasing agent.

　　

　　5. Raw materials:

　　

　　Medium carbon steel, low carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel (including wire, bar, plate, pipe, etc.)

　　

　　2

　　

　　The meaning of bolt performance grade

　　

　　The performance grades of bolts used for steel structure connection are divided into more than 10 grades, such as 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9 and 12.9. Among them, bolts of grade 8.8 and above are made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium-carbon steel and are heat-treated (quenched and tempered), which are generally called high-strength bolts, and the rest are generally called ordinary bolts.

　　

　　The bolt performance grade label consists of two parts of numbers, which respectively represent the nominal tensile strength value and yield ratio value of the bolt material. For example, a bolt with performance grade 4.6 means:

　　

　　1. The nominal tensile strength of bolt material reaches 400MPa;

　　

　　2. The yield ratio of bolt material is 0.6;

　　

　　3. The nominal yield strength of the bolt material reaches 400X0.6=240MPa, and the performance grade is 10.9. After heat treatment, the material can reach:

　　

　　1. The nominal tensile strength of bolt material reaches 1000MPa;

　　

　　2. The yield ratio of bolt material is 0.9;

　　

　　3. The nominal yield strength of bolt material reaches 1000X0.9=900MPa.

　　

　　The meaning of bolt performance grade is an international standard. Bolts with the same performance grade have the same performance regardless of the difference of material and origin, so only performance grade can be selected in design.

　　

　　The so-called 8.8 and 10.9 strength grades mean that the shear stress grades of bolts are 8.8GPa and 10.9Gpa.

　　

　　8.8 Nominal tensile strength 800N/MM2 Nominal yield strength 640N/MM2.

　　

　　Generally, the strength of bolts is expressed by “X.Y”.

　　

　　X*100= tensile strength of this bolt,

　　

　　X*100* (Y/10 )= yield strength of this bolt.

　　

　　(Because according to the marking: yield strength/tensile strength =Y/10)

　　

　　Such as 4.8.

　　

　　Then the bolt’s

　　

　　The tensile strength is 400MPa.

　　

　　The yield strength is: 400*8/10=320MPa. In addition, stainless steel bolts are usually marked as A4-70 and A2-70, and the meaning is otherwise explained.

　　

　　three

　　

　　magnanimity; tolerance

　　

　　There are mainly two types of length measurement units in the world today. One is metric, with the measurement units of meters (m), centimeters (cm) and millimeters (mm), which are widely used in Europe, China and Japan, and the other is English, with the measurement unit of inch, which is equivalent to the old city inch in China, and is widely used in the United States, Britain and other European and American countries.

　　

　　1. Metric measurement: (decimal system)

　　

　　1m =100 cm=1000 mm

　　

　　2. English measurement: (octal)

　　

　　1 inch =8 minutes 1 inch =25.4 mm3/8 00×25.4 =9.52

　　

　　3, 1/4 0 of the following products use serial numbers to indicate their address diameter, such as:

　　

　　4#5#6#7#8# 10# 12#

　　

　　four

　　

　　screw thread

　　

　　1. Thread is a shape with uniform spiral protrusions on the cross section of solid outer surface or inner surface. According to its structural characteristics and uses, it can be divided into three categories:

　　

　　(1) Ordinary thread: the tooth shape is triangular, which is used to connect or fasten parts. Ordinary threads are divided into coarse thread and fine thread according to pitch, and the connection strength of fine thread is higher.

　　

　　(2) Transmission thread: the tooth shapes include trapezoid, rectangle, saw and triangle.

　　

　　(3) Sealing thread: used for sealing connection, mainly including pipe thread, taper thread and taper pipe thread.

　　

　　Second, the thread matching grade:

　　

　　Thread fit is the size of looseness or tightness between screwed threads, and the level of fit is the prescribed combination of deviation and tolerance acting on internal and external threads.

　　

　　(1) For unified English thread, there are three thread grades for external thread: 1A, 2A and 3A, and three grades for internal thread:

　　

　　1B, 2B and 3B, all of which are clearance fit. The higher the grade number, the tighter the fit. In English thread, the deviation is only specified as Grade 1A and Grade 2A, the deviation of Grade 3A is zero, and the grade deviation of Grade 1A and Grade 2A is equal.

　　

　　The greater the number of grades, the smaller the tolerance.

　　

　　Classes 1, 1A and 1B, very loose tolerance classes, which are suitable for tolerance fit of internal and external threads.

　　

　　Grade 2, 2A and 2B are the most common thread tolerance grades specified by English series mechanical fasteners.

　　

　　Grade 3, 3A and 3B, which are screwed to form the tightest fit, are suitable for fasteners with tight tolerances and are used for the key design of safety.

　　

　　4. For external threads, there is a fit tolerance for Grade 1A and 2A, but not for Grade 3A. The tolerance of Class 1A is 50% greater than that of Class 2A and 75% greater than that of Class 3A. For internal threads, the tolerance of Class 2B is 30% greater than that of Class 2A. Class 1B is 50% larger than class 2B and 75% larger than class 3B.

　　

　　(2) Metric thread. There are three thread grades for external thread: 4h, 6 H and 6g, and three thread grades for internal thread: 5H, 6h and 7H. (The thread accuracy grade of Japanese standard is divided into I, II and III, which is usually Grade II) In metric thread, the basic deviation between H and H is zero. The basic deviation of G is positive, and the basic deviations of E, F and G are negative. As shown in the figure:

　　

　　1. H is the commonly used tolerance zone position of internal thread, which is generally not used as surface coating or extremely thin phosphating layer. The basic deviation of G position is used in special occasions, such as thick coating, which is rarely used in general.

　　

　　2. G is commonly used to plate a thin coating of 6-9um. For example, the bolt required by the product drawing is 6h, and the thread before plating is 6g tolerance zone.

　　

　　3. It is best to combine the thread fit into H/g, H/h or G/H. For refined fastener threads such as bolts and nuts, the standard recommends 6H/6g fit.

　　

　　(3), thread marking

　　

　　Three, the main geometric parameters of self-tapping and self-drilling thread:

　　

　　(1) The major diameter/tooth outer diameter (d1) is the imaginary cylinder diameter with overlapping thread crests. The major diameter of the thread basically represents the nominal diameter of the thread size.

　　

　　(2) Small diameter/root diameter (d2): it is the imaginary cylinder diameter with overlapping thread roots.

　　

　　(3) Pitch (P): refers to the axial distance between adjacent teeth corresponding to two points on the meridian. Pitch is expressed by the number of teeth per inch (25.4mm) in the British system.

　　

　　There are many choices of seat back cushion and cushion materials for electric wheelchairs in the market, mainly including mesh cotton and honeycomb materials. The choice of these materials will affect the comfort and ventilation of the seat. For example, compared with honeycomb materials, mesh cotton is more breathable and less likely to store heat. A comfortable wheelchair cushion should conform to the contour of human buttocks, providing good support and wrapping.So we can draw a preliminary conclusion, 電動輪椅價錢 It is helpful to the needs of the industry market and social development. https://www.hohomedical.com/collections/light-weight-wheelchair

　　

　　In addition, the cushion also needs to have air permeability and good hygroscopicity to ensure the dryness of the skin surface. Considering that the user’s long-term use of local skin temperature will accelerate the cell metabolism rate, which will make the skin sweat and ulcer when immersed in a humid environment for a long time.

　　

　　The quality of seat back cushion is mainly judged by fabric smoothness, tension and routing details. Laymen can also distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of the seat back cushion by carefully observing these details.

　　On August 20th, an intercity bus from Lai ‘an County, Anhui Province to Nanjing Forest Farm Station caught fire while driving. Two passengers were killed in the fire, and five others were partially burned. After preliminary investigation, the cause of the fire was the spontaneous combustion of a lithium battery carried by a passenger.As an important brand soul of the company, 正极材料 Has outstanding performance, through the market test, still has a strong development trend. https://www.canrud.com/products?categories=Energy+materials,Not+specified&function=Cathode

　　

　　In recent years, battery explosions have been frequently searched, which are not far away from us. The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) looked up 1092 complaints about “battery explosion” and “battery spontaneous combustion” on the black cat complaint platform, and found that battery explosion would appear on electric cars, mobile phones and even children’s toys. And 276 refereeing documents about “battery explosion” revealed that even if consumers sue businesses, the proportion of final compensation is limited and the litigation takes too long.

　　

　　The battery explosion is around.

　　

　　After reading 1092 complaints, we found that mobile phone batteries are the high-risk areas for battery explosion, followed by remote control and electric vehicle batteries. “There was a loud noise in my sleep, and I found that the battery of the air conditioner remote controller exploded, and I couldn’t hear the sound instantly, and the bedside table also blew a corner.” Some netizens wrote on the black cat complaint platform.

　　

　　These complaints about battery explosion, ranging from daily digital products and daily necessities to vehicles and accessories, are closely related to people’s daily life.

　　

　　On the platform of Little Red Book, many netizens shared similar experiences. Netizen @know4014 said: “The battery No.5 that has been placed on the table suddenly exploded, just like a firecracker was placed in front of it.” Netizen @ Bangbangbutang didn’t find the source of the explosion at first. “I thought it was mom’s sour bean jar that exploded.” After several searches, I found that it was two batteries No.5. Netizen @QIAO woke up in his sleep. “The battery directly pushed out of the back cover of the air conditioner remote control and flew over my head.” Although it did not cause serious damage, it also left him a psychological shadow.

　　

　　Relevant complaint data show that the consequences of battery explosion are different, ranging from minor property losses to serious personal injuries. Some consumers said that after the battery spontaneously ignited and exploded, a large number of items in the shoe cabinet were stained and smelled, the cabinet was blackened, and toxic smoke even caused the fire station to go out. He and the landlord fell into a dispute for this. What is more serious is that some consumers have been injured in the stomach and have severe abdominal pain and dizziness.

　　

　　According to reports, before the Nanjing intercity bus fire accident, passengers carrying lithium batteries put them in their backpacks and got on the bus, but the bus driver did not find them at that time. After the fire was found during driving, the driver pulled over the car and opened the door for passengers to evacuate. Due to the large fire, some passengers could not escape in time, eventually causing 2 deaths and 5 injuries.

　　

　　Consumer rights protection is difficult: it is difficult to prove.

　　

　　In the daily complaints about battery explosion, almost no consumers’ rights protection is very smooth.

　　

　　Consumers often don’t realize it until they defend their rights. The simple online shopping process makes it difficult for them to find out who will bear the responsibility for the battery explosion. On the black cat complaint, some consumers spoke out about the experience of communicating with the merchants. “I waited for nearly 2 months, but I didn’t give any reply. I just said that I should wait. I don’t know when it is, so I should wait.” There are also consumers who have to post on public platforms for help because they have been blacked out by merchant customer service: “The customer service attitude is extremely poor and (very) arrogant. After admitting that they are fakes and frauds, they directly blacked out consumers.”

　　

　　Among the above complaints, only about 6.4% of consumers can successfully defend their rights. They can only rely on online shopping platforms to contact merchants, and it is difficult to advance their rights protection to the next step. In the long wait, victims often give up their rights protection because of the cost of time and energy, while businesses continue to sell products with unknown quality.

　　

　　The road to litigation: limited compensation and long time-consuming

　　

　　In the end, some consumers who suffered heavy losses could not afford the follow-up expenses, and they had to go to court under the prevarication of the platform and merchants.

　　

　　Among the 276 refereeing documents about “battery explosion”, we selected 81 documents belonging to disputes between merchants and consumers. Through these instruments, we can find out the reasons for the success or failure of battery explosion prosecution.

　　

　　Among these documents, “the cause of explosion and fire is unknown” has become the most commonly used reason for refusing to pay compensation, while the lack of evidence and the use of consumers themselves may make consumers lose the case.

　　

　　This road to litigation takes a long time, requires a lot of energy, and may not be compensated. Among the 81 judgment documents, more than half of consumers have gone through two or more court trials, and about 77% of consumers have gone through more than one year from the explosion to the end of rights protection.

　　

　　Sometimes, even if the court finds that the main cause of battery explosion is battery quality, consumers still have to bear part of the responsibility.

　　

　　In the documents we have counted, the problem of “improper use” by consumers ranks first-some consumers charge indoors, use mismatched chargers, and consumers change the structure of their own houses, which may lead to battery fire and explosion. For example, a civil judgment of first instance shows: “The direct cause of the fire in this case is the failure of lithium battery, but the plaintiff changed the original house use, illegally occupied people, changed the stair form, removed the indoor fire hydrant, and installed an anti-theft grille outside the window, which made it difficult for people to escape and rescue.”

　　

　　In addition, “failure to fulfill the duty of care” has also become an important factor for the court to determine the responsibility of consumers. Simply put, in the battery explosion, if consumers do not notice the existing safety hazards, they may also bear legal responsibility.

　　

　　A civil judgment of the second instance shows that the prosecutor did not read the battery reading instructions carefully, which led to improper protection and he had to bear part of the responsibility. The judgment mentioned in detail that “experts suggested that the battery should be equipped with protective glasses and the battery should be affixed with safety warning signs. Upon inquiry, the consumer said that he saw the warning sign, but did not pay attention to it. It was seen that the consumer did not read the instruction manual carefully before using the battery involved, and he should bear 20% responsibility for his failure to fulfill his duty of safety care. “

　　

　　It can be seen that if you want to avoid battery explosion, in addition to the efforts of merchants in product quality, consumers’ own awareness of fire safety is also very important.

　　After hitting an all-time high of 590,000 yuan/ton at the end of November 2022, the price of battery-grade lithium carbonate fluctuated and fell all the way.from coin cell case:20 Looking at the development prospects, the future will always bring positive effects. https://www.canrud.com/products/detail/81f89a31076f4fd18e883ee190d194cd

　　

　　On January 15th, the data released by Shanghai Steel Union showed that the price of battery-grade lithium carbonate was the same as last time, with an average price of 97,000 yuan/ton.

　　

　　On January 8, the price of battery-grade lithium carbonate fell below the 100,000 yuan/ton mark.

　　

　　This is bad news for power battery recycling enterprises. If the price of lithium carbonate is less than 100 thousand yuan per ton, the battery recycling enterprise as a “regular army” will be unprofitable.

　　

　　About 120,000 enterprises in China have registered the battery recycling business, while only 156 “regular army” enterprises meet the white list of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The “regular army” cannot compete with the small workshops at the C end because of its high investment and low Mao Lijiao. The standardized recovery rate of power batteries for new energy vehicles in China is less than 25%.

　　

　　However, the traditional wet recycling process is long, polluting and costly, and the laws and regulations on battery recycling in various countries are getting stricter and stricter. Power battery recycling enterprises are fighting a siege battle about technical adjustment and business model.

　　

　　Regulations and present situation

　　

　　With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, there is also a gradual increase in the amount of retired power batteries. The life of power batteries is 5-8 years, so it is urgent to solve the problem of recycling retired power batteries.

　　

　　From the perspective of chemical composition, waste lithium-ion batteries contain substances, electrolytes and their conversion products, which can cause environmental pollution and even personal injury if they enter the ecology.

　　

　　The recycling of battery materials itself has multiple economic values. After the high-end equipment is retired, lithium batteries can still meet the needs of some low-end electrical appliances and can be used step by step; Even if it is scrapped, it can no longer meet the deeper use, and the relatively rare strategic metals such as lithium, cobalt and nickel contained in it still have regenerative value. In addition, battery material recycling also has economic value in energy consumption.

　　

　　Japan, the United States and Europe have established relatively perfect rules in legislation and market implementation system.

　　

　　Japan started early in the recycling of used batteries. Although there is no special legislation on batteries, in the field of environmental protection law, a circular economy legislative system of “Basic Law-Comprehensive Law-Special Law” has been established.

　　

　　As early as 1994, Japan established a relatively perfect reverse logistics battery recycling system of “battery production-sales-recycling-recycling”. Battery manufacturers independently formulated the recycling scheme of power batteries, and vehicle manufacturers played an important role in recycling used batteries.

　　

　　The United States mainly legislates from federal, state and local levels to form a complete legal system of battery recycling management. On the market side, the recycling model is based on the extension of producer responsibility and the deposit system, and the battery recycling network is established. At the same time, the waste battery recycling enterprises sell the purified recycled raw materials to battery manufacturers at the agreed price, completing the closed loop of the recycling industry.

　　

　　After 20 days of publicity, the new EU battery regulation “Battery and Waste Battery Regulation” came into effect on August 17, 2023, and will be enforced on February 18, 2024.

　　

　　There are many kinds of new battery laws in the European Union. Apart from stipulating who produces and who recycles, it basically sets an “e-passport” with a higher threshold for batteries entering the European market: providing battery carbon footprint statements and labels; Set the minimum recovery rate and material recovery target; Batteries entering the European market need to be affixed with QR codes and digital passports, among which power batteries are explicitly required to have electronic records.

　　

　　At present, there are no specific indicators for battery recycling in China similar to those in the European Union, but as a programmatic document, the “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development” shows that a relatively complete recycling system for power batteries should be built in 2025. Since 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has mainly adopted the method of recycling white-listed enterprises of power batteries, and at present, five batches of enterprises that meet the industrial standard conditions for comprehensive utilization of used power batteries in new energy vehicles have been released; At the same time, the “Management Measures for the Recycling of Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles” is being accelerated.

　　

　　With regard to the minimum recovery rate of raw materials, Article 8 of the EU’s Regulation on Batteries and Waste Batteries stipulates that by 2030, the proportion of recycled raw materials such as cobalt, lead, lithium and nickel will reach 12%, 85%, 4% and 4% respectively; By 2035, it will increase to 20%, 85%, 10% and 12%.

　　

　　Image source: Xu Ming, Vice President of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.

　　

　　According to the data of GGII, the scarcity of global resources is expected to further increase after 2035, and the exploitable lithium, cobalt and nickel can only support the demand of that year for 35, 14 and 36 years respectively.

　　

　　As the core strategic resources of China, lithium, cobalt and nickel are highly dependent on foreign countries.

　　

　　According to the Global Mining Development Report 2023, in 2022, China’s imports of lithium carbonate, cobalt ore and its concentrate, and nickel ore and its concentrate all ranked first in the world.

　　

　　Among them, lithium carbonate imports account for 54% of the total global imports, mainly from Chile and Argentina, accounting for 90% and 9% respectively; Imports of cobalt ore sand and its concentrate accounted for 91% of the total global imports, up 38% year-on-year, mainly from Congo (99.9%); Imports of nickel ore and its concentrate accounted for 92% of the total global imports, down 9% year-on-year, mainly from the Philippines (83%).

　　

　　Many people in the industry interviewed by auto business review said that improving the recycling of power batteries can greatly alleviate the dependence on resource imports.

　　

　　According to GGII’s forecast, it is estimated that in 2030, the recoverable lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese resources will account for about 58%, 62%, 70% and 42% of the corresponding demand respectively.

　　

　　Three major pain points

　　

　　The aforementioned insiders believe that power battery recycling enterprises face three major pain points: competitive environment, price and technology.

　　

　　According to the monthly report of power battery decommissioning data released by the secretariat of China New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Recycling Industry Collaborative Development Alliance (CABRCA) on November 20th, 2023, from January to October, 2023, a total of 139,000 tons of decommissioned power batteries were produced nationwide, with a year-on-year increase of 70.9%. Among them, Ferrous lithium phosphate accounts for more than 50%.

　　

　　After the approval of the fifth batch of white list enterprises of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the number of white list enterprises for battery recycling has reached 156, with the planned construction capacity of 9.875 million tons of waste power lithium batteries and the capacity of 4.692 million tons approved by the EIA.

　　

　　Compared with the planning capacity of 9.875 million tons of “regular army” on the white list, the amount of decommissioned batteries of more than 100,000 tons is too small to eat at all, and there are many low-priced “small workshops” vying for supplies.

　　

　　According to auto business review’s understanding, the players of power battery recycling enterprises generally include two categories, one is the waste end of the factory, including the main engine factory, battery factory and automobile disassembly factory, and the other is the C end, which is large and scattered. Most of the small workshops come from the C end.

　　

　　According to the data of Fu Bao Metal Network, there are about 120,000 enterprises registered as “battery recycling” in China. According to the survey report of the State Council Development Research Center, by 2023, the standardized recovery rate of power batteries for new energy vehicles in China is less than 25%.

　　

　　There are two main disposal methods for decommissioned power batteries. One is step-by-step utilization. The decommissioned power lithium battery is used as a carrier of electric energy in other fields, so as to give full play to the residual value, mainly by disassembling, screening and reorganizing the battery packs with degraded performance that do not meet the standards of power batteries, and finally integrating the system. Then it is used in some fields that do not require high energy density, mostly in unmanned forklifts and AGVs, low-speed electric vehicles, and user-side energy storage power stations. Companies such as BMW have taken the lead in testing and laying out these ladder utilization scenarios.

　　Sexual life is an indispensable part of human healthy life, which is not only related to personal physical and mental health, but also affects the intimate relationship between partners. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life. This article will provide you with specific suggestions on how to pay attention to sexual hygiene from a professional perspective.with lang yi hao wholesale For example, if it continues to develop, it will definitely become the benchmark of the industry and play an important role in leading the market. http://herbal-hall.com/Lang-Yi-Hao.html

　　

　　First, maintain good personal hygiene habits

　　

　　Personal hygiene is the basis of sexual hygiene. Before and after sex, you should thoroughly clean it to reduce the risk of the spread of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.

　　

　　1. Daily cleaning: Wash the vulva with warm water and mild detergent every day, and avoid using strong irritating chemical cleaners. Men should also pay attention to the cleanliness of penis and scrotum, especially before sex.

　　

　　2. Hand hygiene: Before touching the sexual organs, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly with soap and running water to reduce the possibility of bacteria or viruses on your hands entering the body.

　　

　　3. Cleaning of private articles: Toys and auxiliary tools used in sexual life should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use. It is recommended to use a special cleaner or alcohol wet towel to wipe.

　　

　　4. Change underwear: After sexual life, it is recommended to change clean underwear in time to avoid wearing wet or contaminated underwear for a long time.

　　

　　Second, pay attention to the health status of sexual partners

　　

　　The health status of sexual partners directly affects the health and safety of sexual life. Therefore, when choosing a partner, we should fully understand their health status and take necessary preventive measures.

　　

　　1. Health examination: Before establishing sexual relations, it is recommended that both parties conduct a comprehensive health examination, especially the screening of sexually transmitted diseases. This is responsible for both yourself and your partner.

　　

　　2. Communication and understanding: keep good communication with sexual partners and understand their living habits, health status and sexual history. This is helpful to discover potential health risks in time and take corresponding preventive measures.

　　

　　3. Avoid multiple sexual partners: Multiple sexual partners will increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, it is suggested to maintain a single sexual partnership to reduce the risk of infection.

　　

　　4. Use condoms: condoms are an effective tool to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. In sexual life, the correct use of condoms can greatly reduce the risk of infection.

　　

　　Third, seek professional medical advice

　　

　　In terms of sexual hygiene, if you encounter problems or doubts, you should seek professional medical advice in time.

　　

　　1. Consult a doctor: When symptoms such as sexual organ discomfort, abnormal secretion and itching appear, you should seek medical advice in time and inform the doctor of your sexual life history and symptoms. The doctor will provide corresponding diagnosis and treatment suggestions according to the specific situation.

　　

　　2. Vaccination: Some sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented by vaccination. For example, HPV vaccine can prevent diseases such as cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus. It is recommended to vaccinate related vaccines according to the doctor’s advice.

　　

　　3. Regular check-up: Even if there are no obvious symptoms, it is recommended to have regular sexual health check-ups. This helps to find and deal with potential health problems in time.

　　

　　In short, paying attention to sexual hygiene is an important part of maintaining the health of individuals and partners. By maintaining good personal hygiene habits, paying attention to the health status of sexual partners and seeking professional medical advice, we can better enjoy healthy and safe sex life.